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The eschatology (the end of the world) is variously described in the world religions. The pre-primeval period means the era of nothingness or zero period, which is termed Sunka’l in the ginans. It is also known as Karann (Arabic Kiran). The Muslim thinkers mentioned that there were four kirans, the 1st lasted for 24,18,000 years, the 2nd 18,29,000 years, 3rd 12,22,000 years and 4th 8,25, 000 years, while according to the ginans, there were 8,00,000 karanns.

The word sunka’l is derived from Sanskrit sunaka’la means “primal void” from which creation emerged. This zero period or the age of nothingness is termed in

Arabic as adam al wujud.

The sol thad (not sol thal) literally means 16 stems, referring to 16 cosmological stages at the end of sunka’l. It is not a specific era, but depicted in sunka’l. In Arabic, it is called al-marahil al-sital asharat al-koniya.

Sunka’l’ma bhaya sol thad (ginan)
“Sol thad existed in the zero period (sunka’l)”

After an end of sunka’l, there was dhandhukar means “the period of darkness.” The word dhandhkar is derived from the Sanskrit dhundkar means “age of darkness.” It is the primeval darkness period. In Arabic, the word ayam al-zulmat is used for it.

Eji dhandhuhkar’ma a’ap’e Sami ahad rup’ej hota (ginan)
“In dhandhukar, the Lord Himself was in the form of ahad (One)”

After the periods of sunka’l and dhandhukar, the age of Kalap followed.

Eji kalap dhandhukar’e rachanni rachai, tis din tu’n ek illahi ho sami’ji (ginan)

“You made creation in Kalap (at the end of) dhandhukar. O’Lord! You was the only One Divine Being on those days.”
The Sanskrit word kalap means “aeon.” There were following four Kalap:-

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1) Jaela : In which 99 billion momins called jakh were redeemed.
2) Faela : In which 56 billion momins called megha were librated.
3) Araja : In which 32 billion momins known as kinner were emancipated.
4) Khalipha : In which 33 billion momins called devta attained salvation.

We have briefly summarized above periods of sunka’l, dhandhukar, and kalap, which were the periods of incorporeal beings, known as alam-i arwa (world of the souls). These were followed by four jugs, called alam-i ijsa’m (world of the bodies) or the world of corporeal beings.
At the end of the 4th Kalap, our solar system started before 4.57 billion years, and it was followed by four yugas (jug). The yuga cycle is a cyclic age in Indian cosmology. Its archaic spelling is yug. Its other forms are yugam, yuganam and yuge. The word yug (jug) means “epoch, age or cycle of time.”

There were four yuga (jugs) as under:-

1. Karta jug : 17, 28,000 years (age of truth) began in 11,501 BCE.
2. Treta jug : 12, 96,000 years (age of three parts of the truth) began in 2,055,102 BCE.
3. Dua’pur jug : 8, 64,000 years (age of equal truth and untruth) began in 75, 102 BCE.
4. Kaljug : 4, 32,000 years (age of untruth) began in night at 2 hours, 27 minutes and
30 seconds of 18th February, 3102 BCE.

The total of four jugs become 43, 20, 000 years, which is called maha jug. The total years of 100 maha jug is called one manvantar, and the 10 manvantar is equal to the period of one kalap, or each kalap’s period was 8,640,000,000 years.

The four yugas rotate in cyclical order. The duration of the first yuga (four times of Kal yuga), the second (three times of Kal yuga) and the third is (two times of Kal yuga).

The span of Kaljug is 4, 32,000 years, divided into two following periods:-
Earlier period : 3, 07,000 years : 19% is an era of untruth out of 20%.

Later period : 1, 25,000 years : The era of truth (or Ratan Jug).
4, 32,000 years

Its earlier period is also known as Farta’l Vela, in which 19% out of 20% will be the era of sins. Again the earlier period is broken into two parts: (1) From onset of Kaljug to the time of Pir Sadruddin and (2) From Pir Hasan Kabir al-Din to the period of Imam’s zahurat.
Then, the remaining period of 1, 25,000 years will be known as the Ratan Jug (age of gem), wherein the true believers will dominate spirituality.
Sava lakh varas rikhisar ra’j karsh’e, pachhi mahadan manda’i (ginan)

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“Believers shall enjoy (spiritual) sovereignty of 1, 25,000 years, then dooms day will dawn.” Kali Yuga The first yuga was the age of truth, virtue and righteousness. The second yuga featured one-quarter decline in spirituality, in third yuga, the spirituality continued to decline and virtue and vice showed up in equal measure and the fourth current age is described as one quarter virtue and three quarter vice. The Sanskrit word Kali has multiple meanings. It can be safely defined as strife, quarrel, discord or conflict. In this age, the crime and violence will be at its peak. The present scenario of world shows all these signs.

The Ismaili Pirs and Sayeds had predicted in advance image of the Kali Yuga, its few examples are posted below:-

Pir Shams
1. Daughter-in-law will take account from mother-in-law, impelling people to laugh.
2. Grains will be grown little due to the scanty of rain.
3. Virtuous women too remain away from righteous path.
4. Mother and daughter will quarrel and revile each other in dirty words.
5. Friend will be enemy of his friend despite of eating, drinking and sleeping together.
6. Brother will kill his brother.
7. Women will beat husbands and people will watch their fun.
8. Muslims and Hindus will eat together in one plate.
9. Muslims and Hindus will slay cow together, but quarrel in its division.
10. True believer seldom will be seen in the radius of 24 miles.
11. Idiots will be the rulers.
12. Immodest women and men will live like beasts.
13. Value of cloth and attire will be more than the ilm (knowledge).
14. People will regard silken clothes as their god.
15. Koran will remain for name-sake (means it will be used merely for oath taking book).
16. Patience will be regarded cowardice,
17. Ratio of death will increase all of a sudden.

Pir Sadruddin

1. Water of the rivers in the world will be dried up.
2. Even the grains of corn will be sold by counting.
3. Girl of five years will be desirous of marriage.
4. Girl of nine years will become mother.
5. Believers will quarrel with their Lord on futile matters.
6. Son will rise against father and fight with him.
7. Brother will dispute with his brother.
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8. Son of twelve years will become father.
9. True believers will be persecuted.
10. That time will be a paradise field for the liars.
11. Due to intense paucity of grains, women will give up their weeping children aside.
12. There will be shortage of the men studying the ilm.
15. Traces of casting mercy will vanish.
16. Followers even will not treat the Imam as their Guest.
17. People will disobey their rulers.
18. Rulers will be cruel, causing it an injustice period.
19. Aged women will enjoy as if the young women.
20. Breaking out of the famine will be a nominal feature.
21. Earth will gradually become void of minerals.
22. No one will assist in the virtuous deeds due to greed of wealth.
23. For the sake of empty bellies, all will rise to revile their ancestors.
24. No one will upkeep orphan and disabled.
25. People will intrude in the marriages & assemblies without being invited.
26. Differences of opinion will be seen between parents and Lord.
27. Son will overtake two steps ahead of his father.
28. Women will have dominance over men.
29. Even in trifle matter, people will knock door of the court.
30. Trees growing fruits will be dried up.
31. Male will be active in casting malicious eyes.
32. Wives will be dishonest with husbands.
33. None have ability to perform miracle.
34. None will share in the elimination of others pain.
35. Reciters of the giants will be very proud.
36. Entire world will be slept round the clock as none has anxiety of hereafter.
37. Due to the sins, the dooms day will draw nearer.
38. Women and men will play together.
39. Mother-in-law will serve water to the daughter-in-law while eating.
40. Pious acts will be swallowed by greed.
Pir Hasan Kabir al-Din
1. Sabarmati River of India will be flooded with blood.
2. Devilish influence will be faster than electricity.
3. Hardly a grain of corn will be destined to the people.
4. People will commit sins for the sake of stomach.
5. Quantity of the believers will reduce.
6. Infidel will assume role of the faithful to deceive people.
7. People will be restricted to perform virtuous deeds.
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Sayed Imam Shah
1. Boats will be sunk in the ocean everywhere (also it refers to air-crash.)
2. Muslims and Hindus will make matrimonial alliances.
3. Ratio of the divorce will increase.
4. Women will marry more than a man.
5. Women will give birth of three or more babies at one time.
6. Earth-quake will take place worldwide.
7. Span of the mankind will be short-lived.
8. People will launch carnage everywhere.
9. People will be killed at the cost of money.
10. Followers will come in the prayer-halls after six months.
11. Vegetation and women will be void of fertility to grow and give birth respectively.
12. Sword will be unsheathed before Mukhi when he asked anyone to pay dasond.
13. Communist blocks will dominate over subcontinent.
14. Guidance of the Imam will be degraded.
15. There will be minimum persons to earn Imam’s grace.
16. People will hardly sip holy water once a year.
17. Unlawful will be regarded lawful.

In short, the early epoch of the Kali yuga is characterized by untruth, impiety, violence, vices and decay. The later period will be spiritual era. It is said that the Imam’s zahurat or manifestation shall take place betwixt these two periods.

According to the astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhatta in his Arbhattiya (compiled in 499 B.C.), the Kali yuga started in 3102 B.C. It means that till now 5122 years have passed to Kali yuga. Mehta G. Anand in Modern Interpretation of Gitta (New Delhi, 1898, pp. 204-5) calculated that 8902 years had passed to Kal Jug. This calculation is up to the year 1898, and if we add 123 years (from 1898 to 2021) to update, the figure reached almost to 9025 years according to the calculation of Mehta G. Anand.

The above computation suggests that there are yet so many years to complete first part of the Kali yuga i.e. 3, 07,000 years. When and how this major part will be consumed? Its rational answer is given by Pir Sadruddin as under:-
Ved tanno’re vichar karo, Kaljug puro kem thash’e?
Pap’e Kaljug puro thash’e, tam’e ma bhulo gemar,
Varas jash’e das dadal’e and din panni’ni rele’ji (ginan)

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“Reflect intellectually, how the Kali yuga will be concluded? O’you the ignorant! Don’t forget that the Kali yuga will be consumed due to sins, whose one year will minimize in ten days, while its days will look like the water flow.”

While computing above figure, it indicates that one year of the early sinful epoch of Kali yuga will be reduced to ten days. If one year shortens to ten days, then 3, 07,000 years will be shortened to 8527 years, 9 months and 10 days or 8528 years. The calculation of Pir Sadruddin (1300-1416) was made before 605 years. To update, we must add 605 years with 8528 years, which makes 9130 years till present year 2021. What do you imagine in this computation?

The sin is such enormity that also minimizes span of the Imamate, to which Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah said, “The murderers of Imam Hussain were thousand times better than you, for they didn’t martyr institution of Imamate, while you fail to comply with my farman, and minimize span of my Imamate.”
(Zanzibar, 29th August, 1905)

The above computation on the whole suggests that the period of the manifestation (zahurat) is nearer to its maturity and then the period of the Ratan yuga (age of gem) or the spiritual era will dawn for 1, 25, 000 years. I don’t claim finality of above write-up. The readers may elaborate it. Inshallah! You will receive my article, “Manifestation (Zahurat) of the Imam” very soon, which will include interpretations of the symbolic terms, Chinab Nagari, Kalinga, Surja Rani, Kamla Kunwar and so on. [][][][][][][][][][] Karachi, Sept., 2021