Ismaili Dictionary & Encyclopedia

ApaskiEncyclopedia Topic

Own

Various Sources ApeEncyclopedia Topic

Give, himself, on his own; self

Various Sources APENoun

Donner (verbe APWOUN), soi-même (APE outhi né shah né bésanr dijé)

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #456general ApjoEncyclopedia Topic

Give

Various Sources ApnaEncyclopedia Topic

Own, our

Various Sources ApneEncyclopedia Topic

Yours, ours, we

Various Sources Apnu apEncyclopedia Topic

Your own self

Various Sources APOSTLE [ see NABI AND RASUL ]Encyclopedia TopicEncyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral ApradhEncyclopedia Topic

Sin, fault, crime

Various Sources ApradhanEncyclopedia Topic

Blameworthy, culprit

Various Sources ApramEncyclopedia Topic

Countless

Various Sources ApramparEncyclopedia Topic

Endless, unlimited, incomprehensible, limitless, infinite

Various Sources APRInNoun

Notre.

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #457general ApuravEncyclopedia Topic

Unprecedented, unmatched, unique

Various Sources AQABAEncyclopedia Topic

There are many places around Mecca of this name, the best known is that between Mina and Mecca. It is a mountain-road, or a place difficult of ascent on a hill or acclivity. Here the Prophet had secret meetings with the men from Medina at the pilgrimage of the year 621 and 622 A.D. In 621 A.D., twelve persons from Medina were present and they gave the Prophet an undertaking known as the pledge of Aqaba and at the second in 622 A.D., seventy three and two women took oath of allegiance.

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral AQLEncyclopedia Topic

The word aql (pl. uqul) is derived from the verb aqala, meaning to keep back (a camel by tying it forelegs), to detain, confine, to be restricted, be reasonable, understand, have intelligence or realize. This implies that true reason and intelligence can only be realized by keeping back the lower self. In this contect, the aql keeps the human being steadfast on the straight path by preventing him from going astray.

The word aql does not occur in the Koran in its nominal form. The trilateral verb

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral aQL-I QULNoun

Persan: (Arabe=Aql al-Awwal), 1er Intellect, Esprit Universel, instauré ex-nihilo (du néant) par le AMR*. Source du Nafs-i Qul. Hujjat* de l'Imam, PIR*. Allah

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #18general ArEncyclopedia Topic

Ploughshare

Various Sources ARABEncyclopedia Topic

"The word arab or arabah is probably derived from a Semitic root related to nomadism. In the Arabic language, the word arab (derived from i'rab), means those who speak clearly as contrast with ajam (those who speak indistinctly). In Koran, the word arab has never used for the country of Arabia, but characterized the residence of Ismael, the son of Abraham as an "uncultivated land." In the time of Ismael his place of residence had no name, therefore, it was given the name of an "uncultivated land." In the Old Testament, the word midbar is used for Ismael's home, meaning a desert or a barren land, which closely corresponds to the Koranic description.

The first actual use of the word Arab in history is to be found in an Assyrian inscription of 853 B.C., commemorating the defeat of a mutinous chieftain, called Gindibu the Aribi during the reign of king Shalmaneser III (858-824 B.C.). Arabs are then mentioned quite often, until the 6th century B.C. as Aribi or Arabu that indicates vassalage to the Assyrians. The first Greek who is accredited to have acquired some geographical knowledge was Homer, who flourished in 1000 or 800 B.C. He has referred to the Syrians under the name Arimi (the Biblical, Aram) and the Arabs under the name of Erembi. The place-name Arabia occurs for the first time in Greek writings. Herodotus (484-425 B.C,), followed by most other Greek and Latin writers, extended the term Arabia and Arab to the whole peninsula and everything in it, even including the eastern desert of Egypt between the Red Sea and the Nile. References to the Arabs, in addition, are also found in the anonymous Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (between 95 A.D. and 130 A.C.). The word Saracen, first used in Greek literature too, is a transcription of an Arabic word meaning easterner. As for the Arabs' use of the word, it occurs for the first time in the ancient epigraphical material originating in southern Arabia, where it is clearly used for Bedouin. In the north, the word is used firstly in the 4th century A.D., in one of the oldest surviving records of the language that became classical Arabic.

Further account of the Arabs comes in the 10th chapter of Genesis of the Old Testament, which names the descendants of Noah, whose elder son, Shem is regarded as the ancestor of the Hebrews, Arabs and Armaens, - the speakers of Semitic language. But the term Arabs is not explicitly mentioned in Genesis. It is however suggested that the mixed multitude (Hebrew, erev) mentioned in Exodus (xii, 38) as having accompanied the Israelites into the wanderness from Egypt may be for Arabs. According to Dictionary of the Bible (ed. by James Hastings, New York, 1898, 1:135), "The employment of the name Arab for an inhabitant of any portion of the vast peninsula known to us as Arabia, begins somewhere in the 3rd century B.C., though the only trace of it in Old Testament is in the 2 ch., 21, where the Arabians that are near the Ethiopians' would seem naturally to refer to the neighbours of the Habasha, whence there are grounds for placing in the extreme south of Yamen." The word arabia is expressly given to this country in the Old Testament (I Kings x. 15) when describing the visit of the Queen Sheba to Sololmon, which took place 1005 B.C. We also find the word arabah in Deut. i. 7 and ii. 8. Some writers hold that the village called Arabah, situated near Tehama, may be the name for the whole peninsula, an opinion scarcely deserving the least notice.

In the Bible, the name Arab is the first word used in the second book of Chronicles (xvii, 11) to refer to nomads from the east bank of the Jordan river in the time of king Jehosophat (900-800 B.C.), such as "...and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he-goats."

The peninsula was divided by the ancient geographers into Arabia Petraea, Arabia Felix and Arabia Deserta. The Arabia Petraea corresponded to the present Hijaz and eastern Najd. Arabia Felix to Yamen and Hazarmaut and Arabia Deserta comprised the rest of the country. Arab Peninsula (jazirat al-Arab) is situated in south-west Asia, embosomed with sea waters on its three sides, i.e., the Red Sea in the west, the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the east, and the Arabian Sea in the south; is considered to be a largest peninsula in the world with an area of about 1,230,000 sq. miles, i.e., about one third of Europe, or almost six times bigger than France, ten times that of Italy and eight times bigger than Switzerland. Geographically it is an extension of the Sahara desert. It is divided into various parts of which Hijaz, Najd, Yamen, Hazarmaut and Oman are most important. The whole land is almost barren. The climate is extremely hot in summer and the coastal tracts are among the most torrid regions.

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral AradhEncyclopedia Topic

Obedience, to follow

Various Sources AradheEncyclopedia Topic

Remember, follow, obey

Various Sources AradhieEncyclopedia Topic

Remember, follow, obey

Various Sources AradhjoEncyclopedia Topic

Obey, follow

Various Sources AradhoEncyclopedia Topic

Remember, worship, follow, obey, serve

Various Sources ARADHONoun

Louer, adorer.

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #436general AradhtaEncyclopedia Topic

By obeying, in obeying

Various Sources ArajEncyclopedia Topic

Request, lamentation, prayer

Various Sources ARaMBHNoun

Début, commencement.

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #531general ARaMBHNoun

Début. (Anant jo Arambh = début de l'Eternité, début du Temps éternel)

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #221general ArapEncyclopedia Topic

Without thinking, non-sense

Various Sources Aras / arshEncyclopedia Topic

Empyrean, the throne of God

Various Sources ArathEncyclopedia Topic

Purpose, meaning

Various Sources Arath / RathEncyclopedia Topic

Chariot, four-wheeled carriage

Various Sources Arath garathEncyclopedia Topic

Wealth and riches, treasure, property, inheritance

Various Sources ARBITRATION BOARD [ see CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION BOARD ]Encyclopedia TopicEncyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral Architectural Education ProgramEncyclopedia Topic

In 1979, the Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) established the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (AKPIA) with grants of some $. 12 million from the Imam. It mandate is to educate architects, planners, teachers and researchers who can contribute to building and design, which meet the needs of Muslim societies today. The professorships, scholarships and projects of the Program are supported by its endowment fund and by grants from the Trust. In MIT's Department of Architecture, AKPIA has fostered the development of a Concentration in Architectural Studies of the Islamic World within the post-professional Master of Science in Architectural Studies (SM Arch S) program. AKPIA supports doctoral studies in the history of Islamic art and architecture in both the Fine Arts Department at Harvard and in MIT's Ph. D Program in the Development of Architecture in History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture, Art and Urban Form.

Library development at both institutions has also been a major focus of AKPIA support over the past many years. Harvard's already unique book and visual collections in the history of Islamic art and architecture have been enriched under Program auspices, and Program funds have enables Rotch Library at MIT to create book and visual collections on architecture and urbanism in Muslim societies in the twentieth century. In 1989, in conjunction with AKPIA, two Aga Khan Visiting Professorships were established through grants to the University of Jordan in Amman and the Dawood College of Engineering and Technology in Karachi. These chairs have served as focal points for major efforts at both of these institutions to improve teaching, training and research in architecture.

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral ArdasEncyclopedia Topic

Request, entreaty, petition

Various Sources ArdasiEncyclopedia Topic

One who entreats, one who requests

Various Sources Ardh asanEncyclopedia Topic

Half posture, semi posture

Various Sources ArdhangniEncyclopedia Topic

Wife

Various Sources ArdhiEncyclopedia Topic

Half

Various Sources aRDHINoun

Mi, demi.

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #458general ArdhoEncyclopedia Topic

Half

Various Sources Arjani / ArjanaEncyclopedia Topic

One who requests

Various Sources ARJUNName

Son of Pandu, the father of the 5 Pandavs. Married Chitraganda and Ulipi. Father of Babhruwana*, brother to Sohodew, Bhim.

Fils de Pandu père des 5 Pandaw.Epousa Tchitraganda et Ulipi. Père de Babhruwana*. G.667. Frère de Sohodew*, Bhim*.

Heritage Dictionary of ismailism, entry #181general AroEncyclopedia Topic

Cure, remedy, solution

Various Sources ArogeEncyclopedia Topic

Eat

Various Sources ArpineEncyclopedia Topic

Having surrendered, having submitted, having offered

Various Sources ArshEncyclopedia Topic

Throne

Various Sources ARSH Encyclopedia Topic

The word arsh occurred seven times in the Koran (7:54, 10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 32:4 and 57:4). It literally means a thing erected for shade or anything roofed. The royal court or the sitting place of the monarch is also called arsh on account of its eminence. Raghib writes in al-Mufridat fi Gharibi'l Koran that, "The arsh of God is one of the things which mankind know not in reality but only by name, and it is not as the imaginations of the vulgar hold it to be

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral