Ismaili Dictionary & Encyclopedia

SurgatEncyclopedia Topic

Festive music

Various Sources SurijEncyclopedia Topic

Sun

Various Sources SurijanEncyclopedia Topic

Lord, beloved

Various Sources SurijanEncyclopedia Topic

Believer, pious, virtuous

Various Sources SurinarEncyclopedia Topic

A godly person, good lord

Various Sources SURJA RANIName

Surja=sun rani=Queen. Queen of the Sun. Was married to Daint Kalinga* in China. Met and learned the teachings of Pir Shams. She will try very hard to convert her husband, but without success. She will killed her husband at the time of apocalypse. Had 2 daughters: Ajia and Wajia and 2 sons Kamla and Damla. see ginan:"Firat néja, tambal waj shé".

(Reine du Soleil). Epouse du Dayt Kalingo* en Chine, rencontra Pir Shams. Essaiera en vain de persuader son mari de ne pas lutter contre l'Imam. Tuera son mari lors de l'Apocalypse. A 2 filles: Ajia et Wajia et 2 fils: Kamla et Damla. "Firat néja, tambal waj shé".

Heritage Dictionary of ismailism, entry #395general SursathanEncyclopedia Topic

The place where the sun rises, paradise

Various Sources SurtiEncyclopedia Topic

Thought, concentration

Various Sources SutaEncyclopedia Topic

While sleeping

Various Sources SutaEncyclopedia Topic

Asleep

Various Sources SutakEncyclopedia Topic

Impurity

Various Sources Sutak patakEncyclopedia Topic

Impurity and sin

Various Sources SutakiEncyclopedia Topic

Impure

Various Sources SutakiEncyclopedia Topic

Impure, not cleaned ritually

Various Sources SutarEncyclopedia Topic

Cotton

Various Sources SutdaEncyclopedia Topic

Sleeping

Various Sources SutdaEncyclopedia Topic

Those who are sleeping

Various Sources SutiEncyclopedia Topic

Slept

Various Sources SutoEncyclopedia Topic

Slept

Various Sources SutoEncyclopedia Topic

Sleeping

Various Sources SuvaeEncyclopedia Topic

Good wind, pleasant wind

Various Sources SuvasoEncyclopedia Topic

Good place, a place to live

Various Sources SuvoEncyclopedia Topic

Sleep

Various Sources SvasoEncyclopedia Topic

Breathing

Various Sources SvasosvasEncyclopedia Topic

In each breath

Various Sources SWaRGNoun

Ciel. V. ASMAN, TCHaOUD LOK*

Heritage Dictionary of Ismailism, entry #661general TA'ADDUD AL-ZAWJAT (POLYGAMY)Encyclopedia Topic

Islam recognizes as a rule only the union of one man and one woman as a valid form of marriage. Under exceptional circumstances, it allows the man more wives than one, but does not allow the woman more husbands than one. Thus while a married woman cannot contract a valid marriage, a married man can do it. There is no difficulty in understanding this differentiation, if the natural duties of man and woman in the preservation and upbringing of human species are kept in view. Nature has so divided the duties of man and woman in this respect that while one man can multiply children from more wives than one, but one woman can have children only from one husband.

The reason behind sanction of polygamy in Islam was historical and circumstantial. In abnormal circumstances like war when large number of men was decimated and balance between the sexes was seriously shaken, on such an instance polygamy was permitted to overcome the social problems. Further, polygamy was one of the various measures to prevent illegal relations or delinquent sexual behaviour. The rules of polygamy in Islam are said to have become established in response to certain pressing situation. In pre-Islamic Arab society polygamy was unlimited, but Islam imposed a restriction and limitation upon it.

In the first place it must be borne in mind that polygamy neither is obligatory or highly recommended, merely allowed in Islam only as an exception. It is expressly so stated in the Koran: "And if you apprehend that you cannot act equitably towards orphans, then marry such women as seem good to you, two and three and four; but if you apprehend that you will not do justice (between them), then (marry) only one" (4:3). This is the only passage in the Koran speaking of polygamy. It only permits it, and that, too, conditionally. Before we consider the significance of this verse, it must be known clearly that polygamy is allowed here only when there are orphans to be dealt with, and it is feared that they will not be dealt with justly. This condition relates more to the welfare of society than to the needs of the individual.

The commentators have suggested three explanations in this context. The first of these is that this verse (4:3) is only meant to prohibit the marrying of more wives than four, so that not having too many wives they may not be tempted to embezzle the property of the orphans, when their own proved insufficient. The second is that if you fear that you cannot be just to orphans, you should also fear that you cannot be just to too many wives. The third is that if you fear that you cannot be just to orphans, you should also fear the great sin of adultery, and to shun it you are allowed up to four wives.

It will be seen that these explanations are even less satisfactory than the one gives in the Bukhari. The meaning of this verse is really explained in other passage of the Koran: "And they ask you a decision about women. Say, God makes known to you His decision concerning them, and that which is recited to you in the Book, concerning orphans of the women to whom you do not give what is appointed for them

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral Tab lagEncyclopedia Topic

Till then, until that time

Various Sources TabaqaEncyclopedia Topic

Trays

Various Sources TABARRAEncyclopedia Topic

The word tabarra is derived from the verb bara'a meaning to be free of someone. Thus, tabarra minhu means he declared himself not to be connected to or implicated with him. According to Lisan al-Arab, the word tabarra means having nothing to do with or disassociate from some one or something. The Koran says, "And those who followed would say: If only we had one more chance, we would clear ourselves of them, as they have cleared themselves of us" (2:167). In sum, tabarra means to keep away from the wicked and the enemies or disassociation from them.

Muawiya was the first to introduce the tradition of tabarra in Syria, reviling Ahl al-Bayt. Ibn Abi al-Haddid writes in Sharh Nahj al-Balagha (4:63) that, "Muawiya appointed a group of the Companions of the Prophet to fabricate traditions concerning Ali to slander and renounce him. Among them were Abu Huraira, Amr bin A'as and Mughira bin Shuba."

When a peace treaty concluded between Hasan and Muawiya, it was resolved not to revile Ahl al-Bayt. The third term out of five terms in the treaty reads: "He (Muawiya) should abandon cursing the Commander of the faithful and the practice of using the personal prayer in the ritual former prayer against him, and that he should not mention Ali except in a good manner." Abul Faraj Ispahani writes in Maqatil al-Talibiyyin (p. 26) that, "Hasan also asked Muawiya on that occasion not to curse Ali. He disagreed with him on refraining from cursing, and agreed with him that Ali should not be cursed while he hear that." Then Muawiya broke that term and planted the seed and his descendants watered it, making it the tree of the boxthorn in the history of Islam. This practice continued many years. The Umayyad caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz at last abolished it, and ordered his governors all over the Islamic countries to prevent people from cursing Ahl al-Bayt.

Most of the early Shi'ites could not tolerate the tabarra against Ahl al-Bayt, and in their counter attack, they also began to revile Muawiya, Yazid and others. The extremists among the Shi'ites went on to revile the three caliphs, but the Imams are reported to have never encouraged them, rather condemned their actions. Ibn Sa'd writes that when asked if any one from among the Prophet's family spoke ill of the two caliphs, Imam Muhammad al-Bakir replied that, on the contrary, they had always loved them, followed them both and prayed for them (Tabaqat, 5:321).

Whatever is gleaned from the early Islamic history regarding tabarra, it remained a strict policy of the Ismailis in the light of the expressed guidance of the Imams not to curse or speak a single ill word against the Companions of the Prophet. Besides, the Ismailis condemn the system of tabarra.

In Bombay, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah said to the jamat of Muscat on 21.12.1933 that, "Well done, you Muscat jamat are more courageous. The population of the Ithna Asharis is fifteen times bigger than you in the reign of the Sultan of Muscat, even then you have your reputation in the state, because of not creating troubles, and you do not revile three caliphs. I like it and wish it too." Besides, in Karachi, the Imam said to the jamat of Ormada on 26.1.1938 that, "Do not make hostility with the Shi'as and Sunnis, which weakens the Islam. You avoid it, who was Yazid? It is not our concern. We, the confessors of la ilaha ill-Allah Muhammad an-rasulillah are the brethren. Be aware of Yazid of present time. Don't break Islam. What is the benefit in reading the stories of a thousand years ago? Why reviling? It will promote dispute in Islam. Don't do anything to displease the Shi'as and Sunnis. The Sunni jamat gives respect to Muawiya. Why should we make enmity?"

On February 16, 1955, Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah sent his message for Islamic fraternity, which reads: "Though Ismailis have been always staunch and firm believers in the truth of their own faith in the Imamate Holy Succession, they have never, like some other sects, gone to the other extreme of condemning brother Muslims who have other interpretations of the Divine Message of our Holy Prophet. Ismailis have always believed and have been taught in each generation by their Imams that they hold the rightful interpretation of the succession to the Holy Prophet, but that is no reason why other Muslims, who believe differently, should not be accepted as brothers in Islam and dear in person and prayed for and never publicly or privately condemned, leave alone abused. I hope that in these days when the Muslims have to hold together in view of all the dangers, external and internal, from all quarters, I hope and believe and pray that the Ismailis may show their true Islamic charity in thought and prayer for the benefit and happiness of all Muslims, men, women and children of all sects."

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral TABI'IEncyclopedia Topic

The word tabi'i (pl. tabi'un) is derived from its verb, tabi'a or taba'a, meaning he followed. Thus, the tabi'i refers to follower, disciple or adherent. The word is of special significance in tradition, where the name tabi is given to those who came after the Companion (sahaba) of the Prophet. The tabi'un are those of the next generation or contemporaries of the Prophet, who did not know him personally but who knew one of his Companions. The followers of the second generation (tabi'ul-tabi'un) are those who knew one of the first tabi'un and so on.

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral TABUK, BATTLE OFEncyclopedia Topic

With the conquest of Mecca, Islam marched with galloping speed throughout the length and breath of Arabia. The neighbouring Christian states, especially the Roman empire, were watching this unprecedented, triumphant march with a great concern and anxiety.

The fate of the Muslims in the battle of Mauta also emboldened the Arabs and Romans of the frontier regions to enhance their mischief-mongering towards the Muslims. Thus, to restore the loss of prestige and to teach lesson, the Prophet marched with an army of thirty thousand from Medina to Tabuk, a well known place about midway between Medina and Damascus. He on that very occasion, appointed Ali as his caliph in Medina, and as a result, Ali did not take part in the battle of Tabuk. In the mid-Rajab, 9/late October, 630, the Muslims set out for Tabuk. This was the largest army that had ever mustered under the command of the Prophet. The army drawn up for the battle of Tabuk, known as the Jaish al-Usrah (the army of difficulty). So called because in the first place the journey had to be undertaken in the scorching heat of the summer and secondly, it was the time of reaping the harvest and ripening of fruit which made it very difficult to proceed.

Reaching the field of Tabuk, the Prophet encamped his army, where he came to know that the Romans in Jordan had withdrawn to Damascus, and dared not to come to arms with the Muslims, and therefore, the Prophet returned to Medina after a couple of days. This was the last campaign commanded by the Prophet.

When peace and order had been restored throughout the Muslim realm and the period of warfare was over and the people joined Islam in multitude, till in the course of some two years, there was one and but one religion - Islam - throughout the vast Arabian peninsula with a few Jewish and Christian exceptions here and there. The cry of Allah-u-Akbar resounded on all sides. Now it took the Prophet but two brief years, not only to bring the whole of Arabia under the banner of Islam, but at the same time to work a mighty transformation, sweeping away all corruptions and uplifting the nation to the lefties height of spirituality.

Encyclopaedia of Ismailism by Mumtaz Ali Tajddingeneral TabuklaEncyclopedia Topic

Beautiful, tiny

Various Sources TadEncyclopedia Topic

Sides, directions, shores

Various Sources TadaeEncyclopedia Topic

Eliminate, remove

Various Sources TadeEncyclopedia Topic

Then

Various Sources TadeEncyclopedia Topic

To be removed, to be eliminated

Various Sources TadenEncyclopedia Topic

Then

Various Sources TadhEncyclopedia Topic

Cool, cold

Various Sources TadhaEncyclopedia Topic

Cold

Various Sources TadhaEncyclopedia Topic

Cold, cool

Various Sources TadhunEncyclopedia Topic

Coolm soft

Various Sources TadiEncyclopedia Topic

Having removed

Various Sources TadiyaEncyclopedia Topic

Gone away, gone astray

Various Sources TadotadEncyclopedia Topic

At once, immediately

Various Sources TadphadEncyclopedia Topic

In restlessness

Various Sources TadphadeEncyclopedia Topic

Restless, uneasy, in pain

Various Sources TadshoEncyclopedia Topic

Will go astray, will go away

Various Sources TadvaEncyclopedia Topic

To remove, to eliminate

Various Sources TaelaEncyclopedia Topic

Yours

Various Sources