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1. Introduction

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Author: admin

The Arabic word for the flag is alam (pl. a'lam), meaning singpost or flag. The terms liwa and raya are also used for the flag, banner or standard. In Persian, the word band and dirafsh, and in Turkish, the bayrak is used for the banner. And as flags serve to delineate a ruler's territory, it is not surprising that one of the Turkish terms for a certain administrative unit is sancak, i.e., flag.

It is simply a piece of flexible cloth, varying in size, colour and device, but most frequently oblong or square, borne on by one edge to a staff or to a halyard, or fastened to a trident pole; used as a standard, ensign or signal and also for decoration or display. It is tied normally to a staff at least on one side to be viewed from both sides. Among the forms of flags are standards, banners, ensigns, pennants or pendants, burgees and guidons.

The English word flag first occurred in 1569. The word evolved in different European languages, such as the Scandinavian as flagg or flagga, the Germany as flagge or flacke, the Danish as flag, the Dutch as vlag or vlagghe, etc. Whether the word originated in English or other European languages, it may plausibly be supposed to be an onomatopaeic formation, expressing the notion of something flapping in the wind.

The word banner also is seen in different forms in the European languages, such as it was banare or baniere in old French, banieira or bandieira in present French, bandera in Spanish, bandum or bannum in Latin, bandwa in Gothic, etc. Banners, which were essentially heraldic, go back to 1162 by Count Philip of Fanders. In the literal sense, now chiefly historical; in poetry or elevated prose, it is applied to the standard or flag in figurative expressions. In sum, the banner is a piece of stout taffeta, or other cloth, attached by one side to the upper part of a long pole or staff, and used as the standard.

The study of the history, types, and uses of flags is called vexillology; a flag historian is termed as a vexillogist, one who collects flags is a vexillophilist; and one who carries a flag is known as a vexillary. All of these words are rooted from vexillum, the Latin word for flag. There is no hard and fast rule governing the size of the flag. The width is usually greater than the depth. There is also no universally accepted code of flag law.

Editing Audio Nodes

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Author: heritage
The attached word document contains the instructions with screenshots. Please download it and read it thoroughly. Here are just the plain text instructions: Editing Audio - Log on to ismaili.nixx.net/drupal5 1. From the Admin Menu, Select All Audio ss 2. You will see a list of audio nodes that don’t have finalized titles and that are not always playable: ss 3. Select the title of an audio node ss If there is no Play icon, then the file is not compatible with the player. In that case, click Edit, jot down the original filename, and skip this item. In the example below, jot down “comp09.mp3”. If you see the Play icon as above, then play it and jot down the title. To get the right title & spelling, of a ginan, find the ginan in the khojki 100 ginans part 1-6: http://www.ismaili.net/hegina.html#7 For other items, you may find sources and album names here: http://www.ismaili.net/radio.html 4. Fill the fields as best you can. See the example below: ss The allowed values for Genre are: geet ghazal ginan ginan with music interview kawali music news prayer qasida seminar song speech waez ayat surah dua namaz tasbih 5.Skip down to “Categories” and scroll down to choose the Audience and Language. Most entries will be for a general audience except for some prayers that will be just for ismailis. ss 6. Now Submit and check in the all Audio list that it appears OK: ss Here are some screenshots that will help you enter the year of each entry: ss When you finish with the audios that are on the site, we’ll import more. Another way of looking at audio content is to click on “Content Overview”, select audio, and click submit. You will see a list of audio files in reverse creation order.
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